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I found this information on http://www.usb.org/about/faq/ans5
Q1: How long of a cable can I use to connect my device?
A1: In practice, the USB specification limits the length of a cable between
full speed devices
to 5 meters (a little under 16 feet 5 inches). For a low speed device the
limit is 3 meters (9
feet 10 inches).
Q2: Why can't I use a cable longer than 3 or 5m?
A2: USB's electrical design doesn't allow it. When USB was designed, a
decision was made to
handle the propagation of electromagnetic fields on USB data lines in a way
that limited the
maximum length of a USB cable to something in the range of 4m. This method
has a number
of advantages and, since USB is intended for a desktop environment, the
range limitations
were deemed acceptable. If you're familiar with transmission line theory and
want more detail
on this topic, take a look at the USB signals section of the developers FAQ.
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