jules, i take your point 100% about 16 bit etc. however dither added below the lsb of 24 bit is *so* tiny that thousands of operations will not bring it into any kind of audibility. dither is a compromise between raising the noise floor and spreading the quantization distortion. the distortion at (the lsb of) 24 bits is inaudible so a final "truncate" from 32 bits is ok. steve parker.